Paragraph based Problems – Learning Quiz 8

The indigenous people of Tago are clearly related to the indigenous people of Taminia, but were separated from them when the land bridge between Taminia and Tago disappeared approximately 10,000 years ago Two thousand years after the disappearance of the land bridge, however, there were major differences:between the culture and technology of the indigenous Tagoians and those of the indigenous Taminians. The indigenous Tagoian unlike their Taminian relatives, had no domesticated dogs, fishing nets, polished stone tools, or hunting implements like the boomerang and the spear-thrower.

Each of the following, if true, would contribute to an explanation of differences described above

EXCEPT

Arbitrator: The shipping manager admits that he decided to close the old facility on October 14 and to schedule the new facility’s opening for October 17, the following Monday. But he also claims that he is not responsible for the business that was lost due to new facility’s failing to open as scheduled. He blames the contractor for not finishing on time, but he too, is to blame, for he was aware of the contractor’s typical delays and should have planned for this contingency.

Which one of the following principles underlies the arbitrator’s argument?

Anita: Television programs and movies that depict violence among teenagers are extremely popular. Given how influential these media are, we have good reason to believe that these depictions cause young people to engage in violent behaviour. Hence, depictions of violence among teenagers should be prohibited from movies and television programs.
Amrita : But you are recommending nothing short of censorship! Besides which, your claim that television and movie depictions of violence causes violence is mistaken: violence among young people predates movies and television by centuries.
Amrita’s attempted refutation of Anita’s argument is vulnerable to criticism on which one of the following grounds ?

Most people feel that they are being confused by the information from the broadcast news. This could be the effect of the information’s being delivered too quickly or of its being poorly organized. Analysis of the information content of a typical broadcast news story shows that news stories are far lower in information density than the maximum information density with which most people can cope at any one point of time. So, the information in typical broadcast news stories is poorly organised.

Which one of the following is an assumption that the argument requires in order for its conclusion to be properly drawn?

Cafe’s Coffee Emporium stocks only two decaffeinated coffees: English Roast and German Mocha. Ratan only serves decaffeinated coffee, and the coffee he served after dinner last night was far too smooth and mellow to have been English Roast. So, if Ratan still gets all his coffee from Cafe’s, what he served last night was German Mocha.

The argument above is most similar in its logical structure to which one of the following?

The way we see the world and relate to others is intrinsically connected to our own set of values that govern the way we decide to live. However, the influence of fashion, consumerism, pop culture, broken homes, social unrest, and the media is all pervasive. For many people, teachers and students alike, this influence goes unquestioned. Critical thinking, if successfully taught at this level, becomes the antidote for individual and social illiteracy. For the authors, critical thinking should constitute an indivisible part of the overall educational process. Facione (1995) comments: ‘Critical thinking lies at the root of civilisation. It is a cornerstone in the journey humankind is taking from beastly savagery to global sensitivity’.
Supporting the development of these skills involves reflective teaching and learning, which is highly complex and which some students may find difficult, or interpret as weakness on the part of the teacher. But in the long run, with patience on the part of the teacher, it will develop students who can view old or new material, from a variety of sources, through new eyes, using their skills to define their own stance and express it, often better in their second language, with an open-minded confidence.

Choose the option that best captures the essence of the text.
The construct of democracy rests on informed choice and governance on informed policy. Answers to critical questions are stranded in the arena of claims and counter claims. Measures of progress are simply not known or available. The debate to job creation is a mystery of sorts. The public are not aware that the Center and States spend crores on education, health and social services. Take education. Barely a few of Class V students can read a Class Il text, the poor are switching to private schools and over 33% of million-plus schools do not maintain a feasible pupil teacher ratio.

The doctor is a person who looks after the sick people from all, sources and cattle sheds should be opened and prescribes medicines so that the patient recovers fast. In order to become a doctor, a person has to study medicine. Doctors lead a hard life. Their life is very busy. They get up early in the morning and go to the hospital. They work without taking a break. They always remain polite so that patients feel comfortable with them. Since doctors work so hard we must realise their value.

Based on the above paragraph, who among the following is/are doctor(s)?

i. Kumar Sharma wakes up early in the morning everyday and treats everyone with patience. He usually gives emergency aid to the persons who are injured in accidents.

ii. Rakesh studied medicine in Russia and practiced medicine there for 2 years. Later, stopped medical 1 practice and turned into some business.

iii. Shalini works in Apollo Hospitals. She always remains polite so that patients feel comfortable. She is a specialist in providing quality care for the cancer patients.

In a proposal to Government of Xovia, Association of Xovian Industry (AXI) has suggested a series of short and long term initiatives to help the states to cope up with the specter of drought in the country particularly in the North. It has come out with a paper on ‘How to tackle drought’ and recommended the cultivation of selected crops such as short duration paddy and irrigated dry crops in the focus areas besides subsidization of their seeds by 50%.

Other short-term measures include a food-for-work program with the investment of relevant departments and rural bodies, the setting up of a task force headed by top government  officials to monitor the drought relief program, the scrapping of schemes that facilitates subsidized power supply to ensure power supply for drinking water schemes and ban on export of fodder. In fact, fodder should be mobilized wherever needed. Employment affirmation program should be launched with central assistance. If possible, interest on loans taken by farmers should be waived besides converting the shortterm loans into long-term ones. It is necessary to work out a way to take over the loans taken from primitive money lenders or reschedule them. Coming to long-term steps, the Axl paper says new water resources be explored besides building water supply projects and creating rainwater storage facility. Dryland cultivation ought to be promoted apart from popularizing water-saving irrigation technologies.

Examine the inference:

To cope up with the specter of draught, we should devise both short-term and long term policies.

In a proposal to Government of Xovia, Association of Xovian Industry (AXI) has suggested a series of short and long term initiatives to help the states to cope up with the specter of drought in the country particularly in the North. It has come out with a paper on ‘How to tackle drought’ and recommended the cultivation of selected crops such as short duration paddy and irrigated dry crops in the focus areas besides subsidization of their seeds by 50%.

Other short-term measures include a food-for-work program with the investment of relevant departments and rural bodies, the setting up of a task force headed by top government  officials to monitor the drought relief program, the scrapping of schemes that facilitates subsidized power supply to ensure power supply for drinking water schemes and ban on export of fodder. In fact, fodder should be mobilized wherever needed. Employment affirmation program should be launched with central assistance. If possible, interest on loans taken by farmers should be waived besides converting the shortterm loans into long-term ones. It is necessary to work out a way to take over the loans taken from primitive money lenders or reschedule them. Coming to long-term steps, the Axl paper says new water resources be explored besides building water supply projects and creating rainwater storage facility. Dryland cultivation ought to be promoted apart from popularizing water-saving irrigation technologies.

Examine the inference:

During the drought, a bailout package should be given to the farmers.

In a proposal to Government of Xovia, Association of Xovian Industry (AXI) has suggested a series of short and long term initiatives to help the states to cope up with the specter of drought in the country particularly in the North. It has come out with a paper on ‘How to tackle drought’ and recommended the cultivation of selected crops such as short duration paddy and irrigated dry crops in the focus areas besides subsidization of their seeds by 50%.

Other short-term measures include a food-for-work program with the investment of relevant departments and rural bodies, the setting up of a task force headed by top government  officials to monitor the drought relief program, the scrapping of schemes that facilitates subsidized power supply to ensure power supply for drinking water schemes and ban on export of fodder. In fact, fodder should be mobilized wherever needed. Employment affirmation program should be launched with central assistance. If possible, interest on loans taken by farmers should be waived besides converting the shortterm loans into long-term ones. It is necessary to work out a way to take over the loans taken from primitive money lenders or reschedule them. Coming to long-term steps, the Axl paper says new water resources be explored besides building water supply projects and creating rainwater storage facility. Dryland cultivation ought to be promoted apart from popularizing water-saving irrigation technologies.

Examine the inference:

Droughts are more devastating than floods.

In a proposal to Government of Xovia, Association of Xovian Industry (AXI) has suggested a series of short and long term initiatives to help the states to cope up with the specter of drought in the country particularly in the North. It has come out with a paper on ‘How to tackle drought’ and recommended the cultivation of selected crops such as short duration paddy and irrigated dry crops in the focus areas besides subsidization of their seeds by 50%.

Other short-term measures include a food-for-work program with the investment of relevant departments and rural bodies, the setting up of a task force headed by top government  officials to monitor the drought relief program, the scrapping of schemes that facilitates subsidized power supply to ensure power supply for drinking water schemes and ban on export of fodder. In fact, fodder should be mobilized wherever needed. Employment affirmation program should be launched with central assistance. If possible, interest on loans taken by farmers should be waived besides converting the shortterm loans into long-term ones. It is necessary to work out a way to take over the loans taken from primitive money lenders or reschedule them. Coming to long-term steps, the Axl paper says new water resources be explored besides building water supply projects and creating rainwater storage facility. Dryland cultivation ought to be promoted apart from popularizing water-saving irrigation technologies.

Examine the inference:

We should work out a long-term and permanent strategy to tackle the frequent drought situations.

In a proposal to Government of Xovia, Association of Xovian Industry (AXI) has suggested a series of short and long term initiatives to help the states to cope up with the specter of drought in the country particularly in the North. It has come out with a paper on ‘How to tackle drought’ and recommended the cultivation of selected crops such as short duration paddy and irrigated dry crops in the focus areas besides subsidization of their seeds by 50%.

Other short-term measures include a food-for-work program with the investment of relevant departments and rural bodies, the setting up of a task force headed by top government  officials to monitor the drought relief program, the scrapping of schemes that facilitates subsidized power supply to ensure power supply for drinking water schemes and ban on export of fodder. In fact, fodder should be mobilized wherever needed. Employment affirmation program should be launched with central assistance. If possible, interest on loans taken by farmers should be waived besides converting the shortterm loans into long-term ones. It is necessary to work out a way to take over the loans taken from primitive money lenders or reschedule them. Coming to long-term steps, the Axl paper says new water resources be explored besides building water supply projects and creating rainwater storage facility. Dryland cultivation ought to be promoted apart from popularizing water-saving irrigation technologies.

Examine the inference:

In case of draught situation, we should channelize all the meters to the field.

According to the last opinion poll in Bhadristan, most voters believe that the three problems government unemployment and capitalistic economy. Yet in election, candidates from political parties perceived as strongly against capitalism were defeated, while those elected were all from parties with a history of opposing legislation designed to curb anticompetitive practices. These results should not be taken to indicate that the polls was inaccurate, however, since

Which one of the following most logically completes the passage ?

Natural Gas Production Units in Industan have recently been acquired in substantial, numbers by investors from abroad. Industanian politicians are proposing legislative action to stop such investment, justifying the proposal by arguing that foreign investors, opportunistically exploiting a recent fall in the value of the Industanian currency, were able to buy Industanian assets at less than their true value.

Which one of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt the accuracy of the Industanian politicians’ justification for the proposed legislation?

Proposed new safety rules for Seashore City Port would lengthen considerably the minimum time between departures from the port. In consequence, the port would be able to accommodate 10 percent fewer vessels than currently use the port daily. The city’s operating budget depends heavily on taxes generated by tourist spending, and most of the tourists come by ships. Therefore, the proposed new safety rules, if adopted, will reduce the revenue available for the operating budget. The argument depends on assuming which of the following?

The average amount of overtime per month worked by an employee in the design division of the Diva Corporation is 18 hours. Most employees of Diva Corporation work in the design division. Furthermore, the average amount of overtime per month per employee in the company generally does not fluctuate much from month to month. Therefore, each month, most employees of the Diva Corp. almost certainly work at least some overtime. The argument is most vulnerable to criticism on which of the following grounds ?

upporters of the recently introduced tax on sales of new luxury cars had argued that a tax of this type would be an equitable way to increase government revenues because the admittedly heavy tax burden would fall only on wealthy people and neither they nor anyone else would suffer any economic hardships. In fact, however, 30 percent of the workers employed by manufacturers of luxury cars have lost their jobs as a direct result of this tax.

The information given, if true, most strongly supports which of the following statements ?

Therapists have just completed an extensive study of recently delinquent juveniles in order to determine which factors contributed most to the delinquency. The researchers found that in a great majority of the cases of delinquency, the parents met, on average, fewer than 4 times per week with their children. From this data, the therapists have determined that a failure to spend time together with the children is a major factor leading to delinquency.

Which one of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the researcher’s hypothesis?

Several coaching centres have recently switched at least partially from study material written by hand on printer paper from study material written on a computer and sent electronically with no use of paper at all. Therefore, less printer paper will be used as a result of these changes than would have been used if these coaching centres had continued to use handwritten study materials.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?

In visual media, it’s possible to induce viewers to project their feelings onto characters on the screen. In one study, a camera shot of a girl’s face was preceded by images of a still river. The audience thought the girl’s face registered contentment. When the same girl’s face was preceded by images of a mighty and violent tsunami wave, the audience thought the girl’s face registered fear. Media news teams must be careful to avoid such manipulation of their viewers.

Which of the following is best supported by the information in the passage?

Although measuring the productivity of outsourced workers is a complex endeavor.

Company X, which relies heavily on outsourced workers, must find ways to assess the performance of these workers. The risks to a company that does not review the productivity of its human resources are simply too great. Last year, Company Y was forced into receivership after its productivity declined for three consecutive quarters.

The clauses in the italics in the above paragraph, play which of the following roles in the argument above?

A telephonic poll conducted in two states asked respondents whether they get adequate water during summers. Ninety-nine percent of respondents said their houses were having running water through-out the day. The pollsters published their findings, concluding that ninety nine percent of all homes in India have adequate water for use.

Which of the following most accurately describes a questionable technique employed by the pollsters in drawing their conclusions?

If A x B means A is to the north of B; A + B means A is to the south of B; A % B means A is to the west of B; A – B means A is to the east of B; then in P % Q + R – S, S is in which direction with respect to Q?

A wildlife sanctuary contains animals of at least two of the following six kinds—nilgai, chinkara, black buck, wild boar, leopards, and jackals. No other kinds of animals are in the sanctuary. The following conditions must hold:
1. Jackals are not in the sanctuary if Chinkaras are
2. Black bucks are not in the sanctuary if Wild boars are
3. Either wild boar or jackal, but not both, are in the sanctuary
4. Jackals are in the sanctuary if Nilgais, Leopards, or both are in the sanctuary.

If there are no wild boars in the sanctuary, then which one of the following is a kind of animal that cannot be in the sanctuary?