Paragraph based Problems – Learning Quiz 6

The Constitution has given the right of free speech. People speak freely in order to enjoy this right, Which of the following has the same logic?

Literature is the mirror in which the society can see itself. The above statement implies that

Child labour is only a reflection of the malaise in the society. Which of the following, supports the above statement?

If it is true that good governance ensures law and order’, then identify the statement which has to be accepted along with the given statement.

If it is true that ‘very rarely do we come across committed film directors’, which one of the following is false beyond doubt?

Consider a set of premises like this: If science and religion clash, then critical thinking and dogma will clash. Dogma is not acceptable and hence religion. But critical thinking shakes the foundation of morality Identify the conclusion which follows from the premises.

If Ramesh likes oranges more than grapes. strawberries more than apples, and apples more than oranges, then which one of the following is not true?

“Justice should not only be done, but seen to have been done”. The statement intends to convey the message that

Which one of the following, if true, can be empirically tested?

Which one of the following, whether true or false, is irrelevant to the issue?

Which one of the following makes the argument self-contradictory?

“Some philosophers believe that a concept which cannot be verified can still be valid because of its inner logic which ennobles it.” In the light of the above statement, decide the status of the statement given below. Statement: “Every person has certain inherent and inalienable rights which must be protected by Rule of Law.”

An argument is given below, on the basis of that argument; find out the parallel argument from the given list of subsequent arguments Argument: Himalayan Sparrows are disappearing. This bird is an Indian bird; therefore, Indian birds are disappearing Subsequent Arguments:

Information that is published is part of the public record. But information that a reporter collects, and sources that he contacts, must be protected in order for our free press to function free of fear. The above argument is most severely weakened by which one of the following statements ?

Psychological novels are superior to novels of adventure. Immature readers prefer novels of adventure to novels with less action and greater psychological depth. The immature reader, who prefers James Bond’s exploits to the subtleties of Henry James, can be identified easily by his choice of inferior reading matter. A criticism of the logic of this argument would be likely to find fault with the author’s

Many very effective prescription drugs are available to patients on a “one time only” basis. Suspicious of drug abuse, physicians will not renew a prescription for a medicine that has worked effectively for a patient. This practice denies a patient her right to health. Which one of the following is a basic assumption made by the author ?

Vijay claimed that the large dent in the fender of the company-owned vehicle he had borrowed was caused by the careless act of another motorist, who backed into the car when it was parked in a public garage. Yet Vijay’s own car has several dents in its fenders, all of which he acknowledges as having caused by his own careless driving. Therefore, Vijay’s contention that the dent in the formerly undented company-owned vehicle was caused by the careless act of another person is not true. The reasoning in this argument is vulnerable because it

It takes a good telescope to see the moons of Neptune. I can’t see the moons of Neptune with my telescope. Therefore, I do not have a good telescope. Which one of the following most closely parallels the logic of this statement ?

Rahul : One would have to be blind to the reality of moral obligation to deny that people who believe a course of action lo be morally obligatory for them have both the right and the duty to pursue that action, and that no one else has any right to stop them from doing so.
Richa : But imagine an artist who feels morally obliged to do whatever she can to prevent works of art from being destroyed confronting a morally committed anti-pornography demonstrator engaged in destroying artworks he deems pornographic. According to your principle that artist has, simultaneously, both the right and duty to stop the destruction and no right whatsoever to stop it. Which of the following, if substituted for the scenario invoked by Richa, would preserve the force of her argument?

Between 1951 and 1963, it was illegal in the country of Geronia to manufacture, sell, or transport any alcoholic beverages. Despite this prohibition, however, the death rate from diseases related to excessive alcohol consumption was higher during the first five years of the period than it was during the five years prior to 1951, Therefore, the attempt to prevent alcohol use merely made people want and use alcohol more than they would have if it had not been forbidden.

Each of the following, if true, weakens the argument EXCEPT:

Unless they are used as strictly temporary measures, rent-control ordinances (municipal regulations placing limits on rent increase) have several negative effects for renters. One of these is that the controls will bring about a shortage of rental units. This disadvantage for renters occurs over the long run, but the advantage – smaller rent increases – occurs immediately. In many municipalities, especially in all those where tenants of rent-control units have a secure hold on political power and can get rent-control ordinances enacted or repealed, it is invariably the desire for short term gain that guides those tenants in the exercise of that power. If the statements above are true, which one of the following can be properly inferred from them?

A government’s proposed 8 percent cut in all subsidies to art groups will be difficult for those groups to absorb. As can be seen, however, from their response to last year’s cut, it will not put them out of existence. Last year there was also an 8 percent cut, and though private fund-raising was very difficult for the art groups in the current recessionary economy, they did survive. The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument

Health insurance insulates patients from the expense of medical care, giving doctors almost complete discretion in deciding the course of most medical treatments. Moreover, with doctors being paid for each procedure performed, they have an incentive to over-treat patients. It is thus clear that medical procedures administered by doctors are frequently prescribed only because these procedures lead to financial rewards. The argument uses which one of the following questionable techniques?

At birth we have no self-image. We cannot distinguish anything from the confusion of light and sound around us. From this beginning of no dimension, we gradually begin to differentiate our body from our environment and develp a sense of identity, with the realisation that we are a separate and independent human being. We then begin to develop a conscience, the sense of right and wrong. Further, we develop social consciousness, where we become aware that we live with other people. Finally, we develop a sense of values, which is our overall estimation of our worth in the world. Which one of the following would be the best completion of this passage?

Violence against racial and religious minority groups increased sharply throughout the country last year, despite a slight decline in state wide figures. Compiling incidents from police departments and private watchdog groups, the County Human Relations Committee reported almost 500 hate crimes in the year, up from only 200 last year. It was the first increase since the committee began to report a yearly figure six years ago. The lower state wide figures are probably in error due to underreporting in other countries; underreporting is the major problem that state surveyors face each year. All of the following, if true, would support the conclusion or the explanation of the discrepancy in the state and country figures EXCEPT: