Paragraph based Problems – Learning Quiz 7

In the last three years, the numbers of arrests for burglary and robbery in Sandy Beach has declined by more than 30 percent. At the same time, the city has reduced the size of its police force by 25 percent. Which one of the following helps to resolve an apparant discrepancy in the information above?

To be admitted to Bigshot University, you must have a 3.5 grade-point average (GPA) and a score of 800 on the admission test, a 3.0 GPA and a score of 1,000 on the admission test, or a 2.5 GPA and a score of 1,200 on the admission test. A sliding scale exists for the other scores and GPAs. Which one of the following is inconsistent with the above?

Only 75 years ago, the best fishing in the world was the Grand Banks of the North Atlantic. But now overfishig and man’s pollution have decimated the area. There will be no fishing industry in the Americas in a few years. The waters off Newfoundland now yield less than the catch of five years ago, and less than one quarter of the total of ten years ago. The cod has almost disappeared. The numbers of fisherman in Newfoundland and New England have declined, and their yearly earnings are now at an all-time low. Yet radar has made fishing methods more efficient than ever. Which one of the following identifies most clearly a faulty assumption in the reasoning of this passage?

A number of lawsuits have been brought against popular singing groups charging that suicidal themes in their songs have led to teenage suicides. So far, the courts have found that the lyrics are protected under the Constitution. But what if this should change and a court decides that suicidal themes in popular songs are dangerous? In fact, the songs that have been charged so far are anti-suicide; they present sardonically the self-destructive behaviour of drinking, drugs, and escape by death. They describe a pitiful state of mind, but they do not endorse it. Blaming suicide on the arts is nothing new. In the late eighteenth centrury, Goethe’s popular novel The Sorrows of Young Werther was said to be the cause of a rash of suicides in imitation of the novel’s hero. If we begin to hold suicide in books or music responsible for suicides in real life, the operas of Verdi and Puccini will have to go, and Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar will disappear from the high school reading lists,

Which one of the following is an assumption necessary to the authors argument?

Archaeologists have come to the support of Arctic anthropologists. A small minority of anthropologists assert that stone Age tribes of the Arctic domesticated wolves and trained them to haul sleds. Excavations have recently found evidence to support this claim. Archaeologists have found wolf bones near the site of a Stone Age village. They have also found walrus bones that might have been used on primitive sleds. The small minority of anthropologists believe that their theories have been proved. X Which one of the foliowing is true of the evidence cited in the paragraph above?

For some women, the cost of giving birth can be an unexpectedly a large burden. The average normal birth e now costs Rs. 3,200 and a birth with complications can cost thousands of rupees more. Of women in the primary child-bearing age range of eighteen to twenty four, who account for about 40 percent of all births in this country annually, more than 25 percent have no health care insurance to pay maternity costs. If the above statements are true, which one of the following must also be true?

Products sold under a brand name used to command premium prices because, in general, they were superior to non-brand rival products. Technical expertise in product development has become so widespread, however, that special quality advantages are very hard to obtain these days and even harder to maintain. As a consequence, brand-name products generally neither offer higher quality nor sell at higher prices’ Paradoxically, brand names are a bigger marketing advantage than ever.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the paradox outlined above?

The extent to which a society is really free can be gauged by its attitude towards artistic expression. Freedom of expression can easily be violated in even most outwardly democratic of societies. When a government’s Arts Council withholds funding from a dance performance that its members deem “obscene”, the voice of a few bureaucrats have in fact censored the work of the choreographer, thereby committing the real obscenity of repression. Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the argument above?

It is not generally realised that when a court upholds (d) Top managers are more effective at decision or invalidates legislation or executive action, it neither making than middle or lower-level managers. approves nor condemns any legislative policy, nor is if concerned with the wisdom or expediency of the administrative action. It merely determines whether the legislation or executive action is in conformity with or contrary to the provisions of the Constitution. It discharges the function of guarding the Constitution, no more, no less. Judicial activism is to be properly understood in the context of the extent and the vigour and the readiness with which the courts exercise their power of judicial review. When courts actively perform an interventionist role, we witness the phenomenon of judicial activism. When the judiciary exercises self restraint in exercising the power of judicial review and limits its role, there is absence of judicial activism. But the pendulum of judicial review is never static and judicial activism, or lack of it, is a variable phenomenon.

Which one of the following, if true, would defeat the case presented above?

Traditionally, decision-making by managers that is reasoned and step-by-step has been considered preferable to intuitive decision-making. However, a recent study found that top managers used intuition significantly more than did most middle or lower-level managers. This confirms the alternative view that intuition is actually more effective than careful, methodical reasoning.

The conclusion above is based on which of the following assumptions ?

Banker: By transferring income to a retirement account at our bank, people can save money by delaying payment of taxes.

Accountant: That plan won’t actually save money because the taxes will have to be paid sometime in the future when the money is withdrawn. Which one of the following best explains the conflict between the Banker and the Accountant ?

Investors today have more investment options than were available just a few years ago. Choice in any decision making is good in so far it provides variety, differentiation and benchmarking. It could also, however, at times lead to clutter and “noise” if the options are mostly similar and undifferentiated. To make sense of this choice conundrum, it is imperative for an investor to define objective – both returns and digestible risk and then identify the possible options.

The investor also needs to select the mix and regularly monitor that objectives and investment outcomes remain aligned. Sounds simple, but can present the most confounding situation which multiplies with the quantum of wealth.

Examine the inference:

Investors need to critically evaluate the risk of each investment option.

Investors today have more investment options than were available just a few years ago. Choice in any decision making is good in so far it provides variety, differentiation and benchmarking. It could also, however, at times lead to clutter and “noise” if the options are mostly similar and undifferentiated. To make sense of this choice conundrum, it is imperative for an investor to define objective – both returns and digestible risk and then identify the possible options.

The investor also needs to select the mix and regularly monitor that objectives and investment outcomes remain aligned. Sounds simple, but can present the most confounding situation which multiplies with the quantum of wealth.

Examine the inference:

Present day investors need to use their judgement more critically before investing

Investors today have more investment options than were available just a few years ago. Choice in any decision making is good in so far it provides variety, differentiation and benchmarking. It could also, however, at times lead to clutter and “noise” if the options are mostly similar and undifferentiated. To make sense of this choice conundrum, it is imperative for an investor to define objective – both returns and digestible risk and then identify the possible options.

The investor also needs to select the mix and regularly monitor that objectives and investment outcomes remain aligned. Sounds simple, but can present the most confounding situation which multiplies with the quantum of wealth.

Examine the inference:

Multiple investment options of similar types helps in making better investment decisions.

Investors today have more investment options than were available just a few years ago. Choice in any decision making is good in so far it provides variety, differentiation and benchmarking. It could also, however, at times lead to clutter and “noise” if the options are mostly similar and undifferentiated. To make sense of this choice conundrum, it is imperative for an investor to define objective – both returns and digestible risk and then identify the possible options.

The investor also needs to select the mix and regularly monitor that objectives and investment outcomes remain aligned. Sounds simple, but can present the most confounding situation which multiplies with the quantum of wealth.

Examine the inference:

In the past, investors were generally guided by the

Columnist : Senators who are not firmly committed to a core set of beliefs will formulate new campaign strategies and moot points before each upcoming election. Senators are elected to serve multiple terms in office only if they formulate new campaign strategies and moot points before each upcoming election. Therefore, senators who are not firmly.dll committed to a core set of beliefs are elected to serve multiple terms in office.

Which one of the following displays a flawed pattern of reasoning most closely parallel to that in the columnist’s argument?

Cuisine from the north of China is one of the most popular kinds of food in India. But this is not the case for Southern Chinese cuisine. In fact, in a recent survey. Southern Chinese cuisine was voted one of the least popular styles of cooking in the country.

Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent paradox described above?

A growing number of ecologists have begun to recommend lifting the ban on the hunting of leopards, which are not an endangered species, and on the international trade of leopard’s skin. Why, then, do I continue to support the protection of leopards ? For the same reason, that I oppose the hunting of people.
Admittedly, there are far too many human beings on this planet to qualify us for inclusion on the list of endangered species. Still, I doubt the same ecologists endorsing the resumption of leopard hunting would use that fact to recommend the hunting of human beings.

Which one of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s argument?

Experts musicologists believe that Beethoven wrote his last piano sonata in 1824, three years before his death. However, the manuscript of a piano sonata was recently discovered that bears Beethoven’s name and dates from 1825. Clearly, the experts are mistaken because not every piece that Beethoven wrote was catalogued in his lifetime, and it is known thatBeethoven continued to compose until just weeks before his death.

The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to which of the following criticisms?

Some people fear that our first extra-terrestrial visitors 1will not be the friendly aliens envisaged in popular science fiction movies, but rather hostile invaders bent on global domination. This fear is groundless. Any alien civilisation that makes it to our planet must have acquired the wisdom to control war, or it would have destroyed itself long before contacting us.

The author bases the argument above on which of the following assumptions?

Mediators recognize that the law is generally in place to uphold mediator – client confidentiality, however, there are situations that may occur where the mediator is under obligation to break that confidence. This obligation can vary depending upon where the mediator is practicing and it may occur as a result of their employment contract or of the law. Where such an issue does occur, the mediator is expected to firstly try and discuss the presenting issue with their client; however, in situations where the factors under consideration are particularly urgent, it is accepted that this cannot always be the case.

Legitimate breaches of confidentiality relate to circumstances where the information the client has shared. relates to anti-national activities; information of this nature must be reported. There are other circumstances where breaching confidentiality may be considered legitimate, for example, in the case of serious crime or suspected child abuse. Mediation service providers and mediators practicing independently have their own boundaries but must agree this contractually with their client at the outset of the client.

Examine the Statement:

Being obliged to break confidentiality in a mediator client relationship is always a direct result of the law.

Mediators recognize that the law is generally in place to uphold mediator – client confidentiality, however, there are situations that may occur where the mediator is under obligation to break that confidence. This obligation can vary depending upon where the mediator is practicing and it may occur as a result of their employment contract or of the law. Where such an issue does occur, the mediator is expected to firstly try and discuss the presenting issue with their client; however, in situations where the factors under consideration are particularly urgent, it is accepted that this cannot always be the case.

Legitimate breaches of confidentiality relate to circumstances where the information the client has shared. relates to anti-national activities; information of this nature must be reported. There are other circumstances where breaching confidentiality may be considered legitimate, for example, in the case of serious crime or suspected child abuse. Mediation service providers and mediators practicing independently have their own boundaries but must agree this contractually with their client at the outset of the client.

Examine the Statement:

Mediators have some flexibility regarding what they deem serious enough to lead them to breach confidentiality.

Mediators recognize that the law is generally in place to uphold mediator – client confidentiality, however, there are situations that may occur where the mediator is under obligation to break that confidence. This obligation can vary depending upon where the mediator is practicing and it may occur as a result of their employment contract or of the law. Where such an issue does occur, the mediator is expected to firstly try and discuss the presenting issue with their client; however, in situations where the factors under consideration are particularly urgent, it is accepted that this cannot always be the case.

Legitimate breaches of confidentiality relate to circumstances where the information the client has shared. relates to anti-national activities; information of this nature must be reported. There are other circumstances where breaching confidentiality may be considered legitimate, for example, in the case of serious crime or suspected child abuse. Mediation service providers and mediators practicing independently have their own boundaries but must agree this contractually with their client at the outset of the client.

Examine the Statement:

Most Mediators agree with the conditions that the law places on them relating to breaching client confidentiality.

Mediators recognize that the law is generally in place to uphold mediator – client confidentiality, however, there are situations that may occur where the mediator is under obligation to break that confidence. This obligation can vary depending upon where the mediator is practicing and it may occur as a result of their employment contract or of the law. Where such an issue does occur, the mediator is expected to firstly try and discuss the presenting issue with their client; however, in situations where the factors under consideration are particularly urgent, it is accepted that this cannot always be the case.

Legitimate breaches of confidentiality relate to circumstances where the information the client has shared. relates to anti-national activities; information of this nature must be reported. There are other circumstances where breaching confidentiality may be considered legitimate, for example, in the case of serious crime or suspected child abuse. Mediation service providers and mediators practicing independently have their own boundaries but must agree this contractually with their client at the outset of the client.

Examine the Statement:

If a mediator breaches his client’s confidence about a serious issue without first informing their client of their intentions, they are breaking the law.

Modern science is built on the process of posing hypotheses and testing them against observations – inessence, attempting to show that the hypotheses are incorrect. Nothing brings more recognition than overthrowing conventional wisdom. It is accordingly not surprising that some scientists are sceptical of the widely accepted predictions of global warming. What is instead remarkable is that with hundreds of researchers striving to make breakthroughs in climatology, very few find evidence that global warming is unlikely.

The information above provides the most support for which one of the following statements?